Different Arrangement Combinations of Transducer Elements Determine Their Directivity

In this paper, different arrangement combinations of transducer elements determine their directivity and beamforming methods, where beamforming serves as a critical technology for multi-beam measurement systems. To provide a detailed explanation of beamforming working principles, this study mathematically summarizes the operational mechanisms of various transducer arrays for beamforming and elaborates on general frequency-domain beamforming methods using two-dimensional Discrete Fourier Transform (2D-DFT). The implementation typically involves calculating phase shifts across array elements through matrix operations, where the 2D-DFT algorithm processes spatial sampling data to generate directional beams in the frequency domain. Furthermore, by examining active beam bathymetry systems, the article briefly explains different beamforming techniques adopted by various systems from multiple perspectives. The technical discussion covers practical implementation aspects, including how array geometry parameters influence beam patterns through weighted summation algorithms and how modern systems optimize beam steering using digital signal processing techniques. Through this comprehensive exploration of beamforming technology, readers can gain a thorough understanding of its role and advantages in practical applications, including code implementation strategies for real-time beamforming systems.