Different Arrangement Combinations of Transducer Elements Determine Their Directivity

The different arrangement combinations of transducer elements determine their directivity, with beamforming being a key technology in multi-beam measurement systems. This article mathematically analyzes the working principles of beamforming with various transducer array configurations and introduces general methods for frequency-domain beamforming using two-dimensional DFT. Additionally, it explains beamforming techniques employed in operational bathymetric systems, providing implementation insights through code-related descriptions of algorithmic approaches and key functions.