Photovoltaic Cell Perturb and Observe Method Modeling and Simulation
The Perturb and Observe (P&O) method is one of the most commonly used Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques. Its core principle involves periodically increasing or decreasing the photovoltaic array's output voltage (a process called "perturbation"), then observing the resulting output power change direction. If ΔP > 0, it indicates the reference voltage adjustment direction is correct and should continue; if ΔP < 0, it means the adjustment direction is incorrect and must be reversed.