Direction of Arrival (DOA) Estimation for Radar Targets Using MUSIC Algorithm

In this article, I will present implementation code for Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation using the MUSIC algorithm. DOA estimation refers to determining the direction of signal sources using multi-sensor arrays. The MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) algorithm is a widely adopted high-resolution technique that achieves superior accuracy in DOA estimation. This article provides a comprehensive guide starting with the construction of microphone/sensor arrays, explains the fundamental principles of the MUSIC algorithm, and demonstrates its application to DOA estimation. The implementation involves key steps including covariance matrix computation from array signals, eigenvalue decomposition to separate signal and noise subspaces, and spectrum peak search for direction identification. Finally, we will provide concrete code examples showing array configuration, signal preprocessing, MUSIC spectrum calculation, and result visualization to help readers better understand the algorithm's practical implementation. The code will demonstrate how to handle array geometry specifications, implement eigenvalue decomposition using built-in functions like 'eig', and create MUSIC pseudospectrum plots for direction detection. This article aims to provide deeper insights into DOA estimation and the MUSIC algorithm, enabling practical applications in radar systems and array signal processing.