2D Angle Estimation in Planar Arrays Using Unitary-ESPRIT Algorithm with MATLAB Implementation

This article explores the relationship between 2D angle estimation in planar arrays and the Unitary-ESPRIT algorithm, providing a comprehensive MATLAB implementation. 2D angle estimation in planar arrays serves as a vital technique with broad applications in wireless communications, radar systems, acoustics, and related fields. The Unitary-ESPRIT algorithm represents an efficient parametric approach for extracting precise angular information from planar array configurations. Our implementation includes detailed MATLAB code examples demonstrating key algorithmic components such as signal subspace estimation, real-valued transformation through unitary matrices, and rotational invariance property exploitation. The code structure covers essential functions including array manifold matrix construction, covariance matrix computation, eigenvalue decomposition, and parameter pairing mechanisms for elevation and azimuth angles. Through this technical discussion, readers will gain deep insights into 2D angle estimation principles and practical knowledge for implementing Unitary-ESPRIT algorithms in MATLAB, enabling hands-on learning experiences with actual signal processing scenarios.