Transforming Distribution Network Fault Location into a Nonlinear Global Optimization Problem via Mathematical Modeling and Fault Overcurrent Analysis

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a novel general-purpose heuristic method for solving combinatorial optimization problems, characterized by positive feedback, distributed computation, and constructive greedy heuristic search. By establishing an appropriate mathematical model, fault location in distribution networks based on fault overcurrent is transformed into a nonlinear global optimization problem. The implementation typically involves simulating artificial ants that deposit pheromone trails, with probability-based path selection mechanisms guiding the search toward optimal solutions.