LEACH Algorithm Enhancements: Energy-Aware Cluster Head Election and Communication Optimization

1. Addressing the energy imbalance issue in LEACH algorithm's cluster formation phase by modifying the election condition temp_rand(i)<=T(n) to incorporate node energy factors, enabling selection of higher-energy nodes as cluster heads. Implementation considerations include threshold calculation using T(n) = (p/(1-p*(mod(r,round(1/p))))*(E_current/Eo) where E_current = Eo-Etx-Erx, and determining optimal cluster head count. 2. Solving the premature node "death" problem caused by single-hop routing from cluster heads to base stations by optimizing cluster size distribution based on distance to base station - larger clusters for nearer nodes, smaller clusters for farther nodes.