Three Phenomena in DFT-based Spectrum Analysis

Three phenomena in DFT-based spectrum analysis: 1. Aliasing: Requires band-limited continuous signals with sufficiently high sampling frequency (Fs ≥ 2Fmax per Nyquist theorem), often implemented using anti-aliasing filters. 2. Spectral Leakage: Caused by time-domain truncation through window functions, where rectangular windows can be replaced with Hanning/Hamming windows using MATLAB's window functions. 3. Picket Fence Effect: DFT only samples discrete frequency points, requiring zero-padding for finer spectral resolution visualization.