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As previously discussed, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) differ from Cellular Networks, being composed of numerous sensor nodes communicating wirelessly through air. These nodes are randomly deployed in target environments to monitor conditions.
Application Background: Advancements in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology have enabled the availability of miniaturized, low-cost sensor nodes capable of sensing various physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. This capability has resulted in diverse applications across numerous domains. However, WSN characteristics demand more efficient methods for data forwarding and processing. Sensor nodes in WSNs have limited transmission range, processing/storage capabilities, and energy resources. WSN routing protocols are responsible for maintaining network routes and must ensure reliable multi-hop communication under these constraints. This paper investigates WSN routing protocols and compares their advantages and limitations. Key Technologies: Genetic algorithms can optimize routing path selection through chromosome encoding of node paths, fitness functions evaluating energy consumption and transmission delay, and genetic operations like crossover and mutation to evolve optimal routes.
Distribution strategies for sink nodes and sensor node deployment