Histogram Equalization

Histogram equalization is an image processing technique that redistributes pixel intensities to transform an image's histogram from a concentrated range to a uniform distribution across the entire grayscale spectrum. This non-linear stretching operation enhances contrast by making pixel counts approximately equal within intensity ranges. While effective for improving local contrast, it may reduce grayscale levels and cause unnatural over-enhancement in high-peak histograms. Implementation typically involves calculating cumulative distribution functions and mapping original intensities to new values.