A MATLAB Implementation and Comparative Analysis of the LEACH Algorithm

This article demonstrates how to implement the LEACH algorithm using MATLAB simulations and conduct comparative analysis of multiple simulation outcomes. First, we introduce the background and principles of LEACH - a hierarchical protocol that forms dynamic clusters to minimize energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. The MATLAB environment is chosen for its powerful matrix operations and visualization tools that simplify network topology modeling. Next, we detail the step-by-step implementation including key functions: cluster head selection using randomized rotation, TDMA schedule generation, and data aggregation mechanisms. Parameter tuning techniques for optimizing network lifetime and energy efficiency are demonstrated through adjustable variables like cluster head probability thresholds and radio energy models. Finally, we compare multiple simulation scenarios analyzing performance metrics such as network longevity, energy consumption distribution, and packet delivery rates. The comparative study highlights trade-offs between different parameter configurations, providing readers with practical insights for algorithm optimization. Through comprehensive explanation and hands-on demonstration, this guide facilitates deep understanding of LEACH's operational principles and applications, serving as a reference for further research in wireless sensor network protocols.