Turbo Code Bit Interleaved Code Modulation (BICM)

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Turbo Code Bit Interleaved Code Modulation (BICM) is an integrated coding and modulation technique that enhances communication system performance through strategic interleaving between encoding and modulation stages. Turbo coding, a powerful forward error correction (FEC) method, introduces redundancy in the transmission channel to correct errors. The interleaving process rearranges encoded bits using permutation algorithms to mitigate burst errors and improve interference resistance. Modulation converts digital signals to analog formats suitable for channel transmission. BICM effectively combines these technologies by implementing a serial chain of turbo encoding, bit-interleaving (typically using pseudo-random interleavers), and constellation mapping, thereby significantly improving communication system reliability and performance metrics like bit error rate (BER).

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