Hallen's Equation Implementation Using Method of Moments for Antenna Analysis

Programming MATLAB using the Method of Moments to calculate the current distribution, normalized radiation pattern, gain, and impedance of half-wave dipole antennas is based on Hallen's integral equation. The Method of Moments is a numerical computational technique that discretizes the antenna structure into multiple small segments, computes the current distribution and radiation characteristics for each segment, and then synthesizes these results to obtain the complete antenna parameters. In implementation, this approach typically involves creating a segmentation matrix where each element represents a small section of the dipole antenna. The code calculates mutual impedance matrices using appropriate basis functions and weighting functions, then solves the resulting system of linear equations to determine current coefficients. Key MATLAB functions involved may include matrix inversion operations (using backslash operator or inv() function), numerical integration routines for impedance calculations, and far-field transformation algorithms for radiation pattern computation. This method provides highly accurate antenna performance analysis and is widely used in engineering practice. The MATLAB implementation enables precise and detailed results, facilitating in-depth understanding and optimization of half-wave dipole antenna performance through systematic parameter variation and radiation pattern visualization.