Linear Frequency Modulated Signal (Chirp Signal)

A Linear Frequency Modulated (LFM) signal, also known as a chirp signal, is a type of electromagnetic waveform extensively utilized in radar applications. It is characterized by its distinctive frequency modulation pattern, implemented through continuous frequency variation during signal transmission. In code implementations, this is typically achieved using waveform generation functions like `chirp()` in MATLAB or similar libraries, where parameters such as start/stop frequencies and time duration are specified. When radar signals interact with targets, the reflections create echo signals that carry information about target position, velocity, and other characteristics. Signal processing algorithms (e.g., matched filtering or pulse compression) are then applied to these echoes to enhance range resolution and detection performance. Consequently, LFM signals hold significant value in modern radar technology for their ability to improve both range resolution and signal-to-noise ratio through processing gain.