Simulation of Double-Slit Interference and Newton's Rings Experiments in Physics Using MATLAB

Double-slit interference and Newton's rings experiments are fundamental optical demonstrations that visually reveal light's wave nature and interference phenomena. MATLAB simulations significantly enhance teaching effectiveness by helping students clearly understand experimental principles through programmable modeling.

For double-slit interference simulation, MATLAB can generate interference patterns by implementing the optical path difference formula. Key programming steps involve defining parameters: slit separation distance (d), light wavelength (λ), and screen distance (L). The code calculates intensity distribution using the superposition principle, typically employing wave amplitude summation with phase difference considerations. The resulting output displays alternating bright and dark fringes, allowing observation of how parameter variations affect interference patterns through matrix-based intensity visualization.

Newton's rings simulation requires modeling thin-film interference effects. The program incorporates the convex lens curvature radius (R) and incident wavelength to compute concentric ring patterns. Algorithm implementation involves calculating optical path differences at varying radial positions, applying interference conditions using height variations between lens and glass surface. This simulation helps students understand equal thickness interference principles and observe the relationship between ring radii and wavelength through gradient-based contour plotting functions.

Leveraging MATLAB's visualization capabilities, instructors can dynamically adjust parameters (wavelength, slit width, or lens curvature) using interactive controls like sliders or input dialogues. The real-time pattern updates demonstrate interference variations under different conditions, enhancing digital teaching through animated displays and colormap adjustments using functions like imagesc() or contourf().