Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm with Comprehensive Code Annotations

This article contains extensive inline comments that are particularly valuable for learning and reference purposes. Readers can leverage the annotations to gain deeper insights into both the conceptual framework and implementation specifics of the algorithm. The comments elucidate critical concepts such as the state transition probability calculation, evaporation coefficient implementation, and heuristic information integration. Additionally, the annotations provide background information about swarm intelligence principles and suggest relevant extension resources for further study. This implementation serves as an excellent starting point for exploration, offering substantial educational value for both beginners seeking to understand fundamental optimization techniques and professionals interested in algorithmic refinements. The code structure demonstrates practical applications of key functions including path construction, pheromone matrix initialization, and global updating rules with clear explanations of their roles in the optimization process.