Basic PSO Algorithm with Constriction Factor and Inertia Weight

This source code implements the fundamental Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm integrated with both constriction factor and inertia weight parameters. The codebase is developed using modular programming principles, featuring distinct components for initialization, velocity calculation, position updates, and fitness evaluation. The implementation includes critical algorithmic mechanisms where the constriction factor controls convergence stability while the inertia weight balances exploration-exploitation trade-offs. The modular architecture demonstrates clear separation between core PSO operations and parameter configuration, enabling straightforward customization of swarm size, iteration limits, and boundary constraints. With comprehensive commenting and logical function organization, the code maintains excellent readability and maintainability for researchers conducting secondary development or customized optimization experiments.