Simplest LSB Algorithm for Digital Watermarking: Implementation with MATLAB

This implementation presents the simplest LSB algorithm for digital watermarking, complete with embedding and extraction capabilities that have been verified to function correctly. The testing environment was MATLAB 6.5. The algorithm employs the Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique to embed watermark information into digital images while maintaining the ability to extract the hidden data when needed. As one of the most fundamental and widely used approaches in digital watermarking, the LSB algorithm conceals watermark data within the least perceptually significant bits of image pixels, thereby ensuring watermark security through subtle data hiding. Key implementation aspects include: - Bit-plane manipulation for replacing LSBs with watermark bits - Grayscale image processing for seamless integration - Separate functions for embedding and extraction processes - Data integrity verification through comparative analysis This LSB algorithm has been thoroughly tested in MATLAB 6.5 environment, confirming its reliable operation. The specified testing environment ensures algorithm reliability under particular configuration conditions, providing a stable foundation for basic digital watermarking applications. The code structure includes modular functions for easy integration into larger watermarking systems while maintaining straightforward implementation logic suitable for educational purposes.