Fresnel Diffraction and Fraunhofer Diffraction for 2D Images with Code Implementation

This document discusses the code implementation for simulating Fresnel diffraction and Fraunhofer diffraction phenomena in 2D images, along with pattern replacement functionality. When studying diffraction phenomena in 2D images, we employ mathematical models to describe and simulate these optical effects. Both Fresnel diffraction (near-field) and Fraunhofer diffraction (far-field) represent fundamental diffraction phenomena with significant applications in optics and physics. The code implementation typically utilizes Fourier transform algorithms and propagation kernels to generate corresponding diffraction patterns. Key functions include: - Applying Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) for wave propagation calculations - Implementing Fresnel propagation using quadratic phase factors - Calculating Fraunhofer patterns through Fourier transform relationships - Handling pattern switching via image loading and preprocessing modules Through proper coding techniques, we can generate diffraction patterns corresponding to these phenomena and easily substitute different input patterns as needed. This approach enables in-depth study and understanding of 2D image diffraction phenomena, providing enhanced possibilities for research and applications in related fields. The implementation allows researchers to visualize how different aperture shapes and images diffract under various propagation conditions.