MATLAB-based Filtered Back Projection (FBP) Algorithm

The MATLAB-based Filtered Back Projection (FBP) algorithm is a fundamental reconstruction technique widely used in Computed Tomography (CT). This algorithm transforms projection data acquired from CT scanners into high-resolution, clear images through filtering and back projection operations. Our implementation utilizes MATLAB's robust programming environment, leveraging its advanced image processing and mathematical functions. The algorithm workflow involves applying frequency-domain filtering (typically using Ram-Lak, Shepp-Logan, or Cosine filters) to the raw sinogram data to reduce blurring artifacts, followed by back projection where filtered projections are smeared back across the image plane. Key MATLAB functions employed include iradon for inverse Radon transforms, fft/ifft for Fourier-based filtering, and custom windowing functions for noise reduction. This MATLAB implementation finds extensive applications in medical imaging and industrial non-destructive testing, enabling researchers to effectively analyze and interpret CT data with improved reconstruction accuracy and computational efficiency.