FFT Analysis of Periodic Rectangular Pulses and Their Spectrum

This program utilizes Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to analyze periodic rectangular pulses and their bilateral spectrum. The algorithm first generates a time-domain signal representing periodic rectangular pulses with configurable parameters such as pulse width, period, and amplitude. The implementation typically involves creating a pulse train using logical indexing or modulo operations, followed by applying a windowing function (like Hanning or Hamming) to reduce spectral leakage. The core FFT computation converts the windowed time-domain signal into frequency-domain components, with proper zero-padding applied to improve frequency resolution. The bilateral spectrum calculation includes both positive and negative frequencies, requiring careful handling of FFT output symmetry and DC component normalization. Key functions involved may include fft() for transformation, fftshift() for frequency reorganization, and absolute value operations for magnitude spectrum visualization. This analysis reveals the frequency composition and energy distribution of periodic rectangular pulses across different harmonics, providing valuable insights for signal processing applications and serving as a reference for related research in digital signal processing and communications engineering.