PSAT-Based 14-Bus Simulation Diagram with Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)

In power system stability analysis, the 14-bus system serves as a fundamental benchmark model, particularly suitable for investigating reactive power compensation and voltage control issues. By leveraging PSAT (Power System Analysis Toolbox), researchers can efficiently construct simulation environments incorporating STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) to analyze system dynamic performance. The toolbox provides built-in functions for power flow calculation and dynamic simulation through MATLAB/Simulink integration.

As a key Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device, STATCOM enables rapid reactive power output adjustment to enhance grid voltage stability. Within PSAT implementation, the STATCOM model achieves dynamic reactive compensation by controlling the DC capacitor voltage and phase difference of inverter output voltage through proportional-integral (PI) controllers. The device model typically includes voltage source converter (VSC) topology and PWM control algorithms in its code structure.

The PSAT-based 14-bus simulation generally follows these implementation steps: First, establish system topology and basic parameters using PSAT's data structure format (.m files) containing generator, load, and transmission line data. Subsequently, configure STATCOM at critical nodes (such as voltage-sensitive buses) by setting its capacity rating and control mode parameters through PSAT's FACTS device interface. Finally, execute time-domain simulations or small-signal stability analysis using PSAT's simulation commands (e.g., runpsat) to observe STATCOM's improvement effects on voltage fluctuations and transient stability.

This simulation approach proves particularly valuable for investigating scenarios including: Comparative analysis of post-fault voltage recovery speed Impact assessment of different STATCOM capacity configurations Validation of coordinated control strategies for multiple STATCOM devices

Further optimization of dynamic response characteristics can be achieved by tuning STATCOM's PID controller parameters or implementing intelligent control algorithms (such as fuzzy logic control) through custom controller blocks in PSAT. For educational and research purposes, this simulation diagram provides intuitive visualization results, facilitating comprehensive understanding of reactive power compensation mechanisms in practical power systems.