Directivity of Linear Arrays, Planar Arrays, and Weighted Array Configurations

This text discusses several directional array programs, including linear arrays, planar arrays, and weighted array configurations. Linear arrays consist of multiple antenna elements arranged in a straight line, typically implemented using uniform element spacing with phase shifting algorithms to achieve unidirectional or bidirectional radiation patterns. Planar arrays feature antenna elements arranged in a two-dimensional grid configuration, often employing array factorization methods to achieve multidirectional radiation capabilities. Weighted array configurations apply different weighting coefficients to individual antenna elements, commonly implemented using window functions (such as Hamming or Chebyshev weighting) to achieve enhanced signal strength in specific directions through pattern synthesis algorithms.

Additionally, other types of antenna arrays can be utilized, including circular arrays and spherical arrays. Different array configurations present distinct advantages and limitations in various application scenarios. The selection criteria should consider factors such as beamforming requirements, sidelobe suppression needs, and computational complexity of the steering algorithms. Practical implementation often involves array geometry definition, weight vector calculation, and pattern visualization through MATLAB or Python simulations using functions like array synthesis toolboxes and beamforming libraries.