Newton-Raphson Power Flow Calculation Source Code

This repository contains my implementation of the Newton-Raphson method for power flow calculations in electrical power systems. The code is designed to serve as a practical reference for researchers and engineers working on power system analysis.

The Newton-Raphson method is a powerful numerical technique for solving nonlinear equations, particularly well-suited for power flow problems in electrical networks. The algorithm operates through iterative refinement, starting with an initial voltage profile estimate and progressively converging toward the solution by solving the linearized power mismatch equations. Each iteration involves computing the Jacobian matrix and updating the voltage magnitudes and angles until the power mismatches fall below a specified tolerance.

My implementation features several key components: a structured bus data input system handling PQ, PV, and slack buses; automatic Jacobian matrix formation using partial derivatives of active and reactive power equations; and an efficient LU decomposition solver for the linear system. The code employs numerical differentiation techniques for robust derivative calculations and includes convergence monitoring with configurable iteration limits and tolerance settings. The modular design separates matrix operations, power flow equations, and convergence checks into distinct functions for maintainability.

This implementation demonstrates practical considerations for power flow computation, including handling of voltage limits, reactive power constraints at generator buses, and bad data detection. The commented source code provides step-by-step explanations of the computational process, making it suitable for educational purposes and as a foundation for more advanced power system applications.