LEACH Protocol Implementation for Wireless Sensor Networks

In our documentation, we present the implementation code for the LEACH protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is a cluster-based protocol designed specifically for WSNs to enhance network longevity. The protocol employs a dynamic cluster head rotation mechanism that evenly distributes energy consumption across the network, significantly extending the overall network lifespan. The implementation typically involves probabilistic cluster head selection where each node autonomously decides to become a cluster head based on a calculated threshold value T(n) = P/(1-P*(r mod (1/P))), where P represents the desired percentage of cluster heads and r is the current round number. This decentralized approach eliminates the need for global network knowledge, reduces communication overhead, and improves scalability. Additionally, the code structure includes TDMA scheduling for intra-cluster communication and CSMA/CA protocol for inter-cluster data transmission. Due to these energy-efficient characteristics, LEACH remains one of the most widely adopted protocols in WSN applications, particularly suitable for environmental monitoring, smart agriculture, and industrial automation scenarios where energy conservation is critical.