Direct Torque Control (DTC) for Electric Motor Systems

Direct Torque Control (DTC) is an advanced motor control technique that enables real-time regulation of electromagnetic torque and stator flux in electric motors. This high-performance control system achieves rapid torque response within one switching period, typically implementing hysteresis comparators for torque and flux control alongside optimal switching table selection. The core algorithm continuously monitors motor parameters and directly generates PWM signals for voltage source inverters, eliminating the need for pulse-width modulation blocks and coordinate transformations. Key implementation aspects include stator flux estimation through voltage integration, torque calculation using cross-product of flux and current vectors, and sector determination for space vector modulation. This technology enables <5% torque ripple, dynamic response times under 2ms, and operates without speed or position sensors in many applications. DTC's computational efficiency makes it suitable for industrial drives, electric vehicles, and high-performance applications where precise torque control and robustness are critical.