Power Flow Calculation in Distribution Networks Using Forward-Backward Sweep Method

Power flow calculation in distribution networks serves as a systematic approach to predict the direction and magnitude of current flow within electrical power systems. The core methodology employs the forward-backward sweep algorithm, which computationally divides network nodes into hierarchical voltage levels for sequential current flow and voltage magnitude calculations. This algorithm iteratively performs forward sweeps (from root to leaves) to compute branch currents based on nodal loads, followed by backward sweeps (from leaves to root) to update node voltages using Kirchhoff's laws. The implementation typically involves modeling fundamental electrical components—including resistive, inductive, and capacitive elements—through admittance matrices and iterative convergence checks. By integrating component-specific parameters like line impedances and transformer tap ratios, this method enables power engineers to accurately visualize current distribution patterns and optimize operational decisions, thereby enhancing grid stability and reliability through computationally efficient power flow simulations.