Simulation Using Plane Wave Expansion Method
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We employ the Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method and Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method to simulate the band structure and energy transmission in two-dimensional photonic crystals. The PWE method calculates the photonic band structure by solving eigenvalue problems derived from Maxwell's equations in Fourier space, representing the allowable energy ranges for photons within the crystal lattice. The FDTD method simulates energy transmission through explicit time-stepping algorithms that discretize Maxwell's equations in both space and time domains, capturing light propagation and transmission characteristics. Our research results demonstrate that the band structure and energy transmission properties of 2D photonic crystals are crucial for the design and application of photonic devices, with implementation typically involving periodic boundary condition handling in PWE and perfectly matched layer (PML) absorption boundaries in FDTD simulations.
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