MATLAB Simulation Model of Dual-Loop Supercapacitor Charging Power Supply Based on Buck Converter Circuit

This MATLAB simulation model implements a dual-loop supercapacitor charging power supply based on Buck converter circuit architecture, utilizing PI controller regulation to achieve constant-current charging control with outstanding performance results. The power supply demonstrates applicability not only in electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, but also in electronic products and other devices requiring high-current instantaneous charging capabilities. Experimental results indicate that this power supply system exhibits high efficiency, excellent stability, and environmental friendliness, significantly enhancing the reliability and stability of power systems. The simulation model includes key components such as PWM generation for switching control, voltage and current feedback loops for precise regulation, and capacitor charging algorithms that maintain optimal charging curves. In the MATLAB implementation, the dual-loop control structure typically consists of an inner current loop for fast dynamic response and an outer voltage loop for steady-state accuracy. The PI controllers are tuned using Ziegler-Nichols or similar methods to ensure proper bandwidth and phase margin. The Buck converter modeling includes MOSFET switching characteristics, inductor current dynamics, and capacitor voltage behavior. Ultimately, the development of this technology will provide more efficient and reliable solutions for future power systems, with the MATLAB model serving as a valuable tool for system analysis, controller optimization, and performance validation before hardware implementation.