GS Algorithm in Binary Optics Design and Dammann Grating Implementation

In this research, we implemented the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm for binary optics design and developed Dammann gratings using MATLAB. The GS algorithm, implemented through iterative Fourier transform operations between near-field and far-field domains, stands as a fundamental beam shaping technique capable of achieving high-quality wavefront transformation. Our MATLAB code features phase initialization, iterative error reduction, and convergence monitoring functions. Additionally, we designed Dammann gratings, which are typical uniform beam-splitting binary optical elements. The grating design involved calculating phase distribution patterns using sampling theorem and optimizing transition points through gradient-based methods. The implementation includes period segmentation, phase level assignment, and diffraction efficiency calculation modules. Throughout the design process, we considered multiple factors including optical performance metrics (such as diffraction efficiency and uniformity), material selection constraints, and manufacturing cost parameters to ensure the feasibility and practicality of the final designs. These computational approaches and design methodologies contribute to the binary optics research field while providing novel insights and technical frameworks for related studies.