Direction of Arrival (DOA) Estimation Using Uniform Linear Arrays and Uniform Circular Arrays

This text discusses Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation techniques using both uniform linear arrays (ULA) and uniform circular arrays (UCA). A key emphasis is placed on the uniform 360-degree azimuth resolution characteristic of UCAs, which maintains consistent DOA estimation accuracy across all directions - a crucial advantage over ULAs that exhibit varying resolution depending on signal arrival angles. The implementation includes comprehensive code annotations covering array geometry setup, signal covariance matrix computation, and MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) algorithm execution. DOA estimation represents a fundamental signal processing technique with broad applications in acoustic processing, radar systems, astronomical observation, and wireless communications. Understanding these array configurations and their corresponding algorithms provides valuable insights for developing robust direction finding systems. The code structure typically involves initialization of array parameters, simulation of incoming signals, calculation of spatial spectra, and peak detection for angle estimation.