DOA Estimation Algorithm Simulation with Array Amplitude and Phase Errors

In this paper, we investigate DOA estimation algorithms under conditions where antenna arrays contain amplitude and phase errors, and validate their effectiveness through comprehensive simulations. To establish a solid foundation, we will detail the fundamental principles of array signal processing and key concepts related to DOA estimation in subsequent sections. The simulation implementation typically involves modeling array errors using perturbation matrices and incorporating error calibration routines in MATLAB or Python. We will also analyze the strengths and limitations of existing DOA estimation algorithms (such as MUSIC, ESPRIT, and Capon methods) when dealing with imperfect arrays, highlighting their sensitivity to error conditions through covariance matrix computations and eigenvalue decomposition. Furthermore, we propose enhanced algorithms incorporating error compensation techniques, potentially using iterative calibration approaches or robust covariance matrix estimation methods. This research provides novel insights and methodologies for addressing DOA estimation challenges in practical systems with inherent array imperfections, with potential code implementations including error modeling functions, calibration algorithms, and performance evaluation metrics.