Broadband Signal DOA Estimation Using Classical Beamforming and MUSIC Algorithm

In this paper, we present a simulation program for Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation of broadband signals based on classical beamforming methods and the MUSIC algorithm. The program implements key signal processing techniques including signal preprocessing, covariance matrix calculation, and spectrum peak detection to estimate signal directions accurately. The simulation framework allows users to model various broadband signal scenarios through configurable parameters such as signal bandwidth, array geometry, and SNR conditions. The code structure includes modular components for signal generation, array processing, and algorithm implementation, featuring functions for conventional delay-and-sum beamforming and MUSIC's eigenvalue decomposition approach. The program provides comprehensive data analysis and visualization capabilities, displaying results through direction spectrum plots, estimation accuracy metrics, and comparative performance between different methods. Practical application examples are included to demonstrate real-world implementation scenarios, such as radar systems and wireless communications, where broadband DOA estimation is crucial. Implementation details cover critical aspects like frequency domain processing for broadband signals, subspace decomposition techniques in MUSIC algorithm, and optimal weight calculation in beamforming. The code also includes error analysis modules to evaluate estimation performance under different operational conditions.