One-Dimensional Gravity Forward Modeling and Least Squares Inversion

Gravity exploration is a widely used geophysical technique that primarily detects subsurface geological bodies through one-dimensional forward modeling and least squares inversion. This method measures gravity anomalies generated by geological bodies with density differences compared to host rocks, determining their spatial locations, dimensions, and configurations. From a computational perspective, forward modeling calculates gravitational responses using density-depth functions, while inversion employs gradient-based optimization (e.g., Gauss-Newton method) to minimize misfit between observed and calculated data. Analysis of exploration results enables interpretation of geological structures and mineral distributions in target areas, providing critical references for subsequent operations. In practical applications, gravity exploration has been extensively utilized in petroleum exploration, geohazard prediction, and environmental geology studies, where code implementations often involve regularization techniques to stabilize inversion solutions and depth weighting to address inherent non-uniqueness.