ESPRIT Algorithm for Array Signal Processing and Direction of Arrival Estimation

In array signal processing, the ESPRIT algorithm stands as a classical method for Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation. This algorithm operates by performing eigenvalue decomposition on two subarrays within the sensor array, utilizing these eigenvalues to compute signal DOA angles. The ESPRIT algorithm demonstrates excellent performance in practical applications since it eliminates the need for noise variance estimation, making it a relatively simple yet efficient solution. From an implementation perspective, the algorithm typically involves: - Constructing the signal subspace through covariance matrix computation - Partitioning the array into two identical subarrays with fixed displacement - Solving the rotational invariance equation using eigenvalue decomposition - Calculating DOA estimates via phase factors derived from eigenvalues Additionally, ESPRIT offers computational efficiency with relatively low complexity, capable of handling multiple signal sources while accurately estimating their respective DOA parameters. The algorithm's matrix operations can be efficiently implemented using linear algebra libraries, making it suitable for real-time signal processing applications.